The term “deglobalisation” has recently evolved into almost a key concept in the political narrative. It is understood as the dismantling of globalisation and the return of nation-states to the world which is characterised by interstate wars. However, experts often overlook the fact that only 150-200 years ago there was a civilisation in the world that surpassed ours in the scale of global freedoms and interdependencies. According to the researchers of the phenomenon, the first period of globalisation occurred in 1870-1914. The author proposes to extend it over the whole XIX century, proving that the globalisation level at that time not only kept up with modern requirements but also exceeded them. To some extent, today’s “global freedoms” are merely a pale shadow of those enjoyed by people in the XIX century.
The reason for that was the strengthening of the state role. The globalisation in the XIX century evolved in the context of a weak state. Since then, the state has exerted its control over all spheres of life, tightening its grip and introducing registration. Thus, from the perspective of this long-term process, i.e. from 1840s until today, we have lived in the world of strengthening rather than weakening of the nation-states. This means that our globalisation may have been just a poor attempt to regain the global freedoms of the past.

This article provides an analysis of the state of regional economic integration within the countries of the Persian Gulf (Gulf Cooperation Council, GCC). Special emphasis is placed on a new stage of integration, which has emerged as a response to the growing uncertainty in the global economy. The GCC countries have gained prominence in research due to the increasing significance of the region in the contemporary geo-economic landscape, underscoring the relevance of this study. However, despite the progress made, the GCC countries have, as the research indicates, failed to address the fundamental challenges of integrative development, which continue to persist today both economic and political in nature stemming from regional circumstances and global challenges. It appears that the GCC countries face the task of achieving independence in the truest sense of the word, and subsequently, achieving greater success in the context of globalization.

The article analyses the role and importance of multi-vector approach in the development and implementation of the foreign policy of the Republic of Belarus. From the methodological point of view, the main attention is paid to the relationship between politics and economics in the state course of the country in the international arena, as well as economic aspects of ensuring the national interests of Belarus. The author used the methods of periodisation and comparative historical analysis of the stages of Belarus’ foreign policy. Using the method of content analysis, the fundamental reports of President A.Lukashenko and his views on foreign policy and foreign economic activity were studied. The main stages of the country’s foreign policy over 33 years of independent existence (since 1991) are characterised. The features of each of the foreign policy stages, including the parliamentary republic and presidential rule, are revealed, and the evolution of the country’s foreign policy priorities is shown. The characteristic features and essential characteristics of the third (2014-2020) and fourth (from August 2020 to the present) stages of Belarus’s foreign policy, as well as the features of its economic diplomacy, primarily in relations with Russia, are revealed. Based on official positions, national interests, and foreign policy discourse conditioned by political realism, the author considers it necessary for Belarus to return to a multi-vector policy. 

The article examines the relationship between the Russian-language concept of “environmental governance” and the term “environmental management”, which came from the English lexicon and has become established in the professional domestic vocabulary over time. It demonstrates the inadmissibility of considering them as analogues or multilingual synonyms and indicates the role and place of environmental management in the practice of environmental governance from a historical aspect. The main stages of its formation and development trends in public and corporate management regarding the interaction between nature and society are analysed. Particular attention is paid to the detailed formation of environmental management at the national level in various countries of the world and the establishment of corporate environmental management as a structural component of national environmental governance systems or environmental regulation. The logical nature of the increase in the importance of corporate environmental management in modern conditions, the expansion of functions and strengthening of its influence is noted. Environmental management from a subordinate management system, the main purpose of which was to ensure the company’s compliance with the framework of environmental impact established by the state, is transformed into a tool that determines the strategy and tactics of the company’s development in accordance with the principles of sustainable development and the “green” economy.

Article is devoted to the search of a method of defining intellectual capital as an object of management and a way of its unambiguous assessment. In spite of the fact that definition of the intellectual capital is still debatable, this term is, in most cases, considered to be a set of knowledge, skills, and know-how used for the creation of the socially useful benefits, while maximising profit and increasing other economic and technical results. It is impossible to manage any object if there is no opportunity to identify it and control its assessment level. The methods currently available typically rely on the obvious results of its use. Its substantiated part, which includes patents, databases, software, trademarks, and other elements of the so-called structural capital, as a part of intellectual capital, is often estimated and cannot be analysed from the point of view of efficiency. The author attempts to provide a harmonious definition of the intrinsic sense of the intellectual capital and its functions in management of economic activity efficiency, as well as to offer a logical method of its assessment becomes. The conclusions of this work can be used by line and upper managers to increase the efficiency of the business processes carried out by the enterprise.

India is undergoing the most unprecedented transformation in human history of the free world. The scale and pace of this transformation are truly remarkable. Maintaining such a steep, ascending growth trajectory will require additional resources, make new alliances, and revitalised existing partnerships. Russia, a time-tested strategic partner with its resource-rich Arctic region, can play a pivotal role in India’s continued growth. With vast reserves of hydrocarbons, rare earth metals, and strategic minerals becoming accessible due to the melting ice in the Arctic region, and with Russia being a key player in that region, the need for India to collaborate with Russia in the Arctic region is greater than ever before. Although India (as British India) is the original signatory of the Svalbard Treaty and has a research station, Himadri, in Svalbard, its focus on the region has increased only recently and has expended well beyond the traditional interest in scientific exploration. Indo-Russian collaboration in the Arctic is progressing in many fields. In addition to the ongoing collaborations scientific research, development of the Northern Sea Route, oil exploration, India’s energy security needs, increased connectivity, training of Indian seafarers for Arctic navigation, and enhanced trade, there are multiple areas, such as green energy initiatives, hydrographic surveys, polar research vessel construction, focused research on the effects of changing Arctic conditions on the monsoon weather system, and many more, that have the potential for collaboration between India and Russia.