The paper examines the problem of the world economy’s movement toward a multipolar order, which has been repeatedly advocated by Russian officials, and this process is inherently characterised by the deglobalisation of the economy and governance, taking place in opposition to the previously initiated process of globalisation, with the clear dominance of the Anglo-Saxon group of countries. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the complexities and limitations of the process of building a multipolar world order, which arise due to the fact that economic power determines political opportunities (power) in international affairs. The methodology of this article is based on the theory of development poles and the process of “globalisation-deglobalisation” of the world economic system. Based on these approaches, deglobalisation models are proposed, its main characteristics as a process are highlighted, and the principles of uni- and multipolar models of world development are introduced. It is shown that the current situation in the world system is far from a multipolar world order, where political decisions and centres of power are multiple and coordinate positions. Currently, a struggle is underway to preserve a unipolar world order. The “compromise” model, which is unstable according to objective characteristics, is not the most likely today, although it is a positive step and a way out of the existing confrontational (force) model of development. Despite the fact that the world order is not yet built on the principles of coordinated development and unanimity, nevertheless, some manifestations of sovereignty and independence, as well as an exit from the dependence regime, are already visible in the economy. Large-scale sanctions contribute to this process. For Russia, following the doctrine of “coordinated development” and the principle of unanimous adoption of strategic decisions, on which the UN Security Council operates, are a form of preserving sovereignty and ensuring the multipolarity of the world system. Consequently, this policy in the international arena should be strengthened, disseminated, and enshrined in relevant documents at various levels.

This article explores the strategies employed by Russian multinational corporations (MNCs) in response to Western economic sanctions. It delves into the nature of these sanctions, their extensive impact on Russia’s economy and corporate operations, and the innovative strategies that Russian MNCs have utilised to adapt and thrive within a restrictive global environment. These strategies include market diversification, leveraging non-Western alliances, investing in domestic innovation, and developing alternative financial mechanisms. The research draws on case studies and sector-specific analyses to illustrate the resilience of Russian corporations under pressure and their ability to navigate complex international challenges. By presenting these findings, the study highlights how Western sanctions have catalysed significant adaptations within Russian industries, fostering a deeper reliance on domestic capabilities and strengthening non-Western partnerships. Furthermore, the article examines the ripple effects of these measures on global supply chains, geopolitical alliances, and international regulatory practices. Additionally, the insights gained are relevant for policymakers, academics, and business leaders aiming to understand the dynamic interplay between sanctions and corporate strategy, offering valuable lessons for navigating economic challenges and fostering long-term resilience in an interconnected global economy. This analysis underscores the broader implications of Western economic measures on global trade, innovation, and international business resilience.

The article is devoted to the ontological analysis of conceptual and systemic-conceptual aspects, as well as the political-institutional challenges of global governance, which collectively create the preconditions for a systemic crisis while simultaneously laying the groundwork for its transformation and improvement. The author emphasises the crucial function of global governance as a process of fostering consensus among its participants to develop approaches and pathways for mutually acceptable solutions to global and regional issues that transcend national borders and require collective efforts to address. The article examines the role of international business in contemporary global processes, highlighting the intensification of its social and charitable activities, the rise of its political engagement, and new trends in international capital flows. At the same time, it is noted that, despite the significant economic and growing political role of international business in the global agenda, there is currently insufficient evidence to claim that it has become a full-fledged actor in global governance alongside sovereign states. Based on an analysis of the current crisis in the global governance system against the backdrop of tectonic shifts in world politics, the author concludes that the active inclusion of new actors and partners in global governance – such as businesses, civil society, and international non-governmental non-profit organisations – is leading to the creation of a more flexible, multi-actor, and less hierarchical global governance system.

The article provides an analysis of the interplay between algorithms and capital as key factors driving the transformation of economic relations towards machine-to-machine interactions for humans. Particular attention is given to modelling the dynamics of digital transformation, as well as analysing the causes of historical failures in projects involving automated transaction computation. This analysis enables a better understanding of the necessary directions for change on the path towards establishing a fully-fledged digital economy. The relevance of the research topic is underscored by the fact that the profound transformation of business practices due to informatisation is evolving into the initial stages of comprehensive digitalisation across the entire economy. It is emphasised that such digitalisation is made possible through the deployment of specific platforms utilising artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies. The aim of this study is to uncover the fundamental nature of the interaction between algorithms and capital in the journey towards creating an integrated layer of economically interconnected computations and automated machine-to-machine interactions based on new types of digital platforms. The proposed concept of digitalisation, which clarifies its distinction from informatisation and the electronic-network economy, allows for a more precise definition of resource mobilisation directions and economic development indicators, taking digitalisation into account. The article also explores tasks related to modelling the dynamics of digital transformation, detailing the conditions and challenges of digitalisation, and outlines the directions, methods, and tools for «end-to-end automation.» This is done with consideration of historical precedents in the automation of economic management and the resolution of economic tasks related to resource allocation among enterprises and industries.

The production of cut flowers is a global business, with major production centres in North America, South America, Central America, East Africa, Europe, the Middle East, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. The cut flower market is an example of an industry shaped by globalisation. The world’s leading producer is the Netherlands, which cultivates 49% of all cut flowers on the market. Other significant players, steadily increasing their market share, include Colombia (15%), Ecuador (9%), and Kenya (8%). As globalisation has transformed the world economy, flower production has become an international multi-billion-dollar industry. The cut flower market was valued at USD 30 billion in 2023 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of over 5.9% from 2024 to 2032, driven by consumer demand for fresh and diverse floral options, coupled with evolving preferences and trends in floral arrangements and design. By examining the key trends in the global and Russian markets, it can be concluded that high transportation costs and stringent regulatory requirements pose challenges to market growth, while simultaneously stimulating innovation in the cut flower production sector.

The relevance of the study is related to the high need to achieve energy conservation and increase energy efficiency. The leading place in meeting this need is occupied by the energy service contract, which is one of the forms of non-classical public-private partnership (hereinafter - PPP) and is actively used in our country along with the concession agreement and the PPP agreement. The energy service contract also plays a key role in reducing energy costs and achieving energy efficiency in the budgetary and commercial sectors of foreign countries. Due to this, it is necessary to consider the foreign and Russian practice of applying an energy service contract, highlighting common and distinctive characteristics, and identifying promising areas for its development in our country. The main results of this study are the identification and disclosure of the features of using energy service contracts in the United States, European countries, and Russia, distinguishing between the commonalities and differences in the functioning of the global and Russian energy service market, as well as the presentation of key trends and directions for the further development of the domestic practice of energy service contract application. The theoretical significance of the research lies in the development of the scientific foundations for the application of the energy service contract, while the practical significance lies in determining the ways to develop the domestic energy service and in formulating recommendations for its improvement.

The continuous imposition of sanctions against Russia has created a pressing need to search for effective solutions to enhance the mechanisms for countering emerging threats. Throughout the period in question, the agricultural sector, which is vital to the national economy, has repeatedly been subjected to various restrictions imposed by Western countries. The sanctions introduced in 2014 exacerbated the crises of the 1990s, leading to a decline in demand for domestic agricultural products and triggering a chain reaction in other areas of the national economy. Ensuring food security and increasing the volumes of import substitution amidst limited production capacities and the unsatisfactory state of the processing and food industry infrastructure have become important issues for Russia. The analysis of statistical data and consultations with scholars and experts have led to several conclusions regarding the trends and characteristics of the domestic agricultural sector’s functioning under the influence of various factors. On one hand, the growing government support and the rising demand from the population for high-quality agricultural products, along with the exit of many imported goods from the market, present significant opportunities for enhancing the production potential of the sector. On the other hand, the existing crises within the industry (such as the chronic shortage of qualified personnel, technological lag, lack of essential resources, and rising prices) necessitate closer attention to the needs of domestic agricultural producers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of government support measures and regulation within the sector, as well as to determine the prospects and conditions for the development of the agricultural sector in the context of external sanctions.